5.2 Magnetic interaction of charged particles in the chromosphere
The energy generated by the fusion reaction in the Sun is released from the surface.
The surface of the Sun is divided into photosphere, photosphere,
and corona. There are a lot of spicules in the chromosphere. The spicule
is caused by aligning the movement of protons (H+’s) due to magnetic coupling.
The volocity of H+ increases according to rise up from the bottom to the top of the chromosphere layer.
hen H+ reaches the corona region, the mean free path becomes longer and the ionization
due to the collision decreases.
Fig.16 HINODE photographed in November 2006
(© NAOJ/JAXA) ( Source: https://hinode.nao.ac.jp/news/results/iris-1/
).
In the surface layer of the Sun, the movement of electrons is changed
by the motion of H+, but the movement of H+ does not change by electromagnetic waves nor the motion of electrons.
Since the speed of the solar wind is less than 1/300 of the speed of light, the effect of relativity can be ignored.
If high-speed charged particles run at high speed together in a plasma state, a pair of protons running side by side attract each other magnetically,
but the magnetic force between H+ and electron (e-) is repulsive. The gathering phenomenon on H+ amplifies by a positive feedback.
The magnetic field observed in normal experiments is due to a steady current, but when the current is ON-OFF, the magnetic field is also ON-OFF. The magnetic field works to a magnet or a current in case that it exists. A moving point charge accompanies with a localized magnetic force as a localized instantaneous current. It is inversely proportional to the distance in the direction parallel to the movement. The microscopic magnetic interaction is described by Biot–Savart law and Lorentz force. On the other hand, the Coulomb force acting between H+ running is inversely proportional to the two power of the distance.
Therefore, the distance deq in which the magnetic gravitational force of the running H+ equals the scouting force of the Coulomb is obtained from the (11) equation.
μ0(qv)2/(2πdeq) =(q)2/(deq)2 (11).
In case that the speed of H+ is 100km/sec (equivalent to 600,000 K), equation (12) is obtained.
deq=0..5 /(10-7x1010)≒0.5[mm] (12)
The magnetic coupling force is stronger than Coulomb repulsive force in
case of the distance is longer than deq. But this force decreases according
to far away. The magnetic field that moves with H+ generates an electric
field vertically, and electrons are drawn into the electric field and run
side by side. The high-speed H+ that runs side by side is magnetically
coupled, and even if H+ runs side by side with electrons at high speed,
the electron rarely re-combine with H+ by the repulsive magnetic force.
The life of plasma in the solar wind is long due to the magnetic interaction
of high-speed charged particles.
index -5.2-